Breakthrough research for neurotransmitters in autism

Neuroscientists from the NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence in Berlin have been able to gain a better understanding of neuronal communication by studying fruit flies. Researchers are looking at a specific protein for signal transmission between nerve cells. For people with autism, this is highly significant research. It is because of genetic defects with this protein that autism arises. These findings could increase treatment possibilities for the disease.

The protein they are researching is called the “RIM binding protein” or RBP. It plays an important part in the transmission of messages between brain cells. Briefly, when the brain is thinking, planning or responding, it is sending messages between its cells which eventually carry out some kind of action. The nerve cells or neurons are equipped with specific points of contact called synapses. Each cell has a sending and receiving synapse. Both sides are specialized and have a complex framework which ensures transmission of information only moves in one direction constantly advancing the messages until it gets where it needs to go. The message sending synapse is called the presynaptic side and is filled with a neurotransmitter that is released to the next cell upon an electrical command. The receiving synapse is called the postsynaptic side. This highly complicated and nuanced transmission takes a millisecond to complete. A great number of specialized proteins are required to cooperate and push the message from cell to cell. The RBP is one of those important proteins, particularly important for the presynaptic function.

The fruit fly has a very simple brain which makes it easy to study. The synaptic proteins a fruit fly uses are very similar to the ones a human uses. Scientists were able to use a high resolution microscope to see these previously unknown areas where the transmission takes place. The scientists found that the RBP protein has a key position in the fruit fly’s presynapsis. It is necessary for effectively coordinating the release of the neurotransmitter to the electric command enabling communication between cells.

There are many indications that genetic defects in the RBP proteins are an important aspect of autism. Now that the function of RBPs are better understood, more research and the development of better treatment strategies are ensured.

Source: Science, ScienceDaily